According to the expectancy theory, what is the link between performance and outcome?

In the context of expectancy theory, the link between performance and outcome is referred to as instrumentality. This concept suggests that individuals assess the relationship between their performance and the rewards or outcomes they can expect to receive as a result. If employees believe that their high performance will lead to positive outcomes—such as promotions, bonuses, or recognition—they are more motivated to achieve that performance. Instrumentality plays a crucial role in driving motivation, as it establishes that certain levels of performance will lead to specific rewards, thereby influencing individuals to increase their effort and commitment.

The other terms within expectancy theory have distinct meanings. Expectancy refers to an individual's belief that their effort will lead to the required level of performance. Reinforcement relates to the consequences of behavior, focusing on how outcomes can motivate or demotivate future behavior. Relatedness typically refers to the connection and relationships between people, which is less directly linked to performance outcomes within the framework of expectancy theory. Therefore, understanding instrumentality provides a clear insight into how expectations of outcomes based on performance can drive motivation and help individuals achieve their goals.